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A 140-year tally of record-hot versus record-cold days. Every day, each of 27 long-running Swedish weather stations can set a new record high or low for that calendar date — and counted across more than a century, the balance between them is a fingerprint of a warming climate.
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Sweden’s temperature wound into a spiral: each loop is one year of daily values. The distance from the centre is the actual temperature — the centre is cold (deep winter), the outer edge is warm (high summer) — so every loop traces the seasonal cycle. The colour is that same temperature, diverging at 0 °C (freezing): blue below zero, red above. It draws day by day, and the loops creep slowly outward as Sweden warms. Switch between daily-maximum and daily-minimum.
Actual daily temperature (Sweden mean across stations, 21-day smoothed) over 1884–2025; radius and colour are both real °C, diverging at 0 °C. Rings mark every 10 °C.
Hot records (above the axis) versus cold records (below), summed over all stations each year. In a stable climate both would shrink toward zero and stay roughly equal. Instead, recent years are dominated by heat.
Hot and cold daily records grouped by decade, with the hot:cold ratio above each pair.
Reconstructed nationwide mean temperature, with the long-term linear trend.
The stations behind these records — long records reaching back to the 1880s, spread the length of the country. Squares mark stations whose early history is extended with a nearby companion station.
The reconstructed change in mean temperature across Sweden — the recent period (2000–2025) minus the old one (1884–1989) — with its 95% credible interval. Every part of the country warmed (nowhere cooled); the map extends a little beyond Sweden over the surrounding land and sea. Switch between daily-maximum and daily-minimum.
Hot and cold record counts and their ratio, latest years first.